1) Preserving local biodiversity can affect global biodiversity because there are many Community Conserved Areas (CCAs) and officially-designated protected areas throughout the world, some of which are sacred forests or areas that support livelihoods, which local communities can conserve, thus preserving areas of huge significance all over the world.
2) Let's say that a certain environment heavily depends on a forest. If humans cut down the forest, or otherwise affect it, then all the organisms living in those trees or depending on them for food will no longer have the ability to survive in their habitat. It's a domino effect. The trees fall, then the food sources fall, followed by herbivores, followed by carnivores, going on and on down the line until the area dies out.
3) "… In Indian Agriculture, women use up to 150 different species of plants (which the biotech industry would call weeds) as medicine, food, or fodder. For the poorest, this biodiversity is the most important resource for survival. … What is a weed for Monsanto is a medicinal plant or food for rural people." -Vandana Shiva, Stolen Harvest, (South End Press, 2000), pp. 70-71, 104-105.
If the Indian women lost just one of those plants, the results could be catastrophic. Many cultures depend on very fragile species that make life for people easier or better in some way. In the case of the "weeds" in Indian agriculture, every single one of them is critical in some way. By preserving this area's biodiversity, the residents' lives can be better.
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